Tests for Males
yDNA is Male Only DNA. The male can only pass his yDNA to the next generation by way of a son, not a daughter. The male is only able to pass his father's DNA along uninterrupted.
Y-DNA refers to the DNA found on the Y chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in humans (the other being the X chromosome). It is passed down exclusively from father to son, making it a powerful tool for tracing direct paternal lineage.
Key Features of yDNA
- Found only in males: Females do not have a Y chromosome and thus do not inherit or pass on Y-DNA.
- Inheritance: Fathers pass their Y chromosome almost unchanged to their sons.
- Stable over generations: Like mtDNA, Y-DNA changes only through rare mutations, making it useful for long-term lineage tracking.
- No recombination (except in small pseudoautosomal regions), preserving a clear paternal line.
Uses of yDNA
- Genealogy: Tracing paternal ancestry and surname studies.
- Haplogroup identification: Helps place a male’s paternal line into a global genetic family tree.
- Anthropology: Studying ancient migrations and male-line descent patterns.
- Forensics: Identifying male individuals or paternal relatives.
Analogy
If mtDNA is your maternal grandmother’s legacy, Y-DNA is like a direct surname line passed from father to son, preserving the record of your ancient paternal roots.Only males can take Y-DNA tests, but females can access Y-DNA information through a father, brother, or paternal uncle.
The largest Y-DNA database in the world is maintained by FamilyTreeDNA (FTDNA).
Why FamilyTreeDNA Has the Largest Y-DNA Database
- Pioneered Y-DNA testing for genealogy (since 2000).
- Hosts the most extensive collection of public Y-DNA projects, including surname, regional, and haplogroup studies.
- Offers Y-STR (short tandem repeat) tests (e.g., Y-37, Y-111) and the advanced Big Y-700 test, which covers tens of thousands of Y-SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms).
- Provides match databases, enabling users to find others with shared paternal ancestry.
- Houses hundreds of thousands of Y-DNA test results, more than any other company or academic database.
Runner Up
- YFull has a growing database of Y-DNA samples but mostly includes data uploaded from other sources (especially Big Y tests from FTDNA). It offers excellent interpretation, but not testing.
Summary
If you're interested in the most comprehensive and actively maintained Y-DNA testing and comparison database, FamilyTreeDNA is the global leader.
Match Totals by Service Provider
yDNA @ Ancestry = 1 critical match in Duplin County
yDNA @ Family Tree DNA I match as indicated.
12 Marker = 5 individuals in North America
25 Marker = 7 individuals in North America, 1 in Ireland
37 Marker = 7 individuals in North America, 1 in Ireland
67 Marker = 5 individuals in North America
111 Marker = 1 individual in the United Kingdom
Big Y 700 = 1 Match in Canada
Testing and Research Vitals
May 14, 2005 IBM National Genographic Beta R1b/R-M269
May 3, 2009 Family Tree DNA Kit ordered for yDNA & mtDNA
June 12, 2009 Family Tree DNA mtDNA+ results haplogroup J
July 14, 2009 Family Tree DNA yDNA-67 results haplogroup R1b-M269
July 17, 2009 Family Tree DNA Deep Clade R results posted L21+
February 1, 2010 Family Tree DNA Assistant Project Admin Quinn Septs
June 5, 2010 Genographic GENO R1b, M343 R1b1b2a1b5, L21
June 12, 2012 Family Tree DNA Promoted to Project Admin
October 25, 2012 Family Tree DNA DF41 SNP results
November 6, 2012 Family Tree DNA DF13 SNP results
March 8, 2013 Family Tree DNA DF49 SNP results
April 18, 2013 Family Tree DNA L193 SNP results
December 7, 2017 Family Tree DNA R1b-L21v2 SNP results
August 22, 2019 Ancestry DNA Autosomal results
April 2, 2020 Family Tree DNA R-FGC11134 SNP Positive
April 15, 2020 BigY700 BigY 700 SNP results posted R-BY72795
April 22, 2020 CTS4466 CTS4466 SNP negative
January 23, 2021 atDNA Autosomal results added to FTDNA
Personal Notes:
- Beta National Geographic Genographic in 2004 working for IBM.
- yDNA and mtDNA testing at BigY and mtDNA Plus from Family Tree DNA.
- Ancestry DNA atDNA test with Ancestry.com and then imported to Family
Finder at Family Tree DNA.
The size of Databases and the Algorithms matter. Unfortunately, no service provider offers the tools necessary to lay the genomes one on top of another for comparison purposes. I only have my own DNA and become the pseudo baseline for my research and the power of spreadsheets that do parts of the dirty work for me that tire me to no end. I have observed for half a decade or more specific correlations between ALL the R-FGC11134 matches for myself and others in the Quinn DNA Project at Family Tree DNA.
From early 2010 until mid 2019 I was the sole Project Administrator of the Cuinn/Quinn Global Surname Project and all spelling an linguistic deviations related at all to the surname Cuinn which is the Gaelic way it would have been spelled letter for letter and is a possessive noun for the given name Conn. This is Conn’s half and this is Conn’s son Art mac Cuinn and so on. Some connected, mostly via the R-M222 dissimilar surnames and common Quinn surnames such as Neill in all its forms as this is the given name for Neill O’Cuinn. was very casually active from 2018 until earlier this year when Tim McEvoy aka Guinn volunteered to take the helm and I stood aside, and acquiesced.
The endeavor was highly educational albeit scientifically elaborate, but deficient in the accurate definitions as they seemed to be redefined multiple time throughout the year. How was it that I was able to produce a completely different picture than the matching algorithms could provide? I was labeled disingenuous by some and not at all authentic by others. No matter, I found by accident the verifiable way to connect the feminine lines to their corresponding male lines in the absence of both yDNA and mtDNA through the atDNA for at least for a few generations before any useful information dissolves .
As a result of having access to a couple hundred Quin yDNA lines and my own, I was set upon finding out more information about my line, then define the others in the form of the project’s participants projected sept affiliations from Conn of the Hundred Battles, the undisputed progenitor of the Cuinn surname through his elaborate lineages and through his descendants including his son Art mac Cuinn who ascended to the High Kingship of Tara. Surname use boys and girls. I could further elaborate such as with Leath Cuinn (Conn's Half) and Leath Moga (Mugh's half) as they relate to the legendary ancient divisions of Ireland and how the genetics of Cuinn in the south are only missing the R-M222 markers with most of the remaining marker matches in the specific modal ranges. I could tell you that Conn’s daughter, Art mac Cuinn’s sister Sadhbh was married to Ailill Aulom, a son of Mugh, who is more affectionately known and identified as both Mugh and Eoghan to solidify the ancient division and settlement between Conn and Mugh. I could then tell you how to show that those in the south are essentially the same as Sadhbh and those of the northern half are from Art and then his descendants especially Niall Ó Cuinn further identified as Niall "Noígíallach", the founder of the Uí Néill dynasties to the north, but I am not a scientist and do not subscribe to what science knows or does not know when they themselves use scholar-based intellect as their single instrument of discovery. An unwillingness to persevere and keep looking under rocks, behind the bark of trees, or just walk loudly through the forest neither hearing, seeing, or feeling all that surrounds and observes them passing by.
The Robert Frost Scenario
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, and sorry I could not travel both and be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; then took the other, as just as fair and having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear, though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, and both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference.
Notable Connections
Notable haplogroup connections are based on direct DNA testing or deduced from testing of relatives.
Donald Morrison 2300 BCE
Zachary Macaulay 2300 BCE
Colin Charvis 2550 BCE
Wade Boggs - 2550 BCE
Jerry Ross - 2550 BCE
Muhammad Ali - 2550 BCE
Bob McLaren - 2550 BCE
Rory Calhoun - 2550 BCE
Alex Haley - 2550 BCE
Tom Crean - 2550 BCE
Eugene Crean - 2550 BCE
Ditchling man - 2750 BCE
Copernicus - 3400 BCE
Francis Crick - 4450 BCE
Tsar Nicholas II Romanov - 4450 BCE
Charles Darwin - 4450 BCE
Patrick Henry - 4450 BCE
Pierre Terrail - 4450 BCE
Ancient Connections
Here are some ancient relatives from my father’s line based on DNA testing of archaeological remains from around the world.
Bronze Age dates roughly to 3,300–1,200 BCE and can vary by region. Bronze (copper + tin alloy) becomes the main material for weapons, tools, and art. The rise of the first urban civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, Minoan Crete, etc. and then ends with widespread collapse in many regions (≈ 1200 BCE).
The Iron Age begins around 1200 BCE (Anatolia) and later elsewhere making for the introduction of iron smelting gives rise to stronger, cheaper tools and weapons. Most often associated with empires and recorded history such as the Assyrian, Greek, Roman, Celtic, etc.
In much of Europe it lasts until the Roman conquest (≈ 1st century BCE/CE).
The Bell Beaker culture, also known as the Bell Beaker complex or Bell Beaker phenomenon, is an archaeological culture named after the inverted-bell beaker drinking vessel used at the beginning of the European Bronze Age, arising from around 2800 BC. The term was first coined as Glockenbecher by German prehistorian Paul Reinecke, and the English translation Bell Beaker was introduced by John Abercromby in 1904.
Bell Beaker culture lasted in Britain from c. 2450 BC, with the appearance of single burial graves,[2] until as late as 1800 BC, but in continental Europe only until 2300 BC, when it was succeeded by the Únětice culture. The culture was widely dispersed throughout Western Europe, being present in many regions of Iberia and stretching eastward to the Danubian plains, and northward to the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, and was also present in the islands of Sardinia and Sicily and some coastal areas in north-western Africa. The Bell Beaker phenomenon shows substantial regional variation, and a study[5] from 2018 found that it was associated with genetically diverse populations. I have yDNA matches here specifically to those individuals belong to the culture.
ENGLAND
Amesbury Down 2597 - (Bell Beaker) Amesbury Down, Wiltshire, England
Figheldean 5513 (Bell Beaker) Figheldean, Wiltshire, England
Trumpington Meadows 10 (Bell Beaker) Trumpington Meadows, Cambridge, England
Low Hauxley 70 (Bell Beaker) Low Hauxley, Northumberland, England
Yarnton 2445 (Bell Beaker) Yarnton, Oxfordshire, England
Yarnton 2447 (Bell Beaker) Yarnton, Oxfordshire, England
Less descriptive than the Bell Beaker Culture, I match in England in these places to the individuals unearthed there.
Birkrigg 20997 - (Early Bronze Age) Birkrigg Common, Cumbria, England
Clay Farm 7640 (Bronze Age) Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire, England
Kent 13712 (Bronze Age) East Kent Access Road, Kent, England.
Lechlade-on-Thames 12786 (Bronze Age) Lechlade-on-Thames, Gloucestershire, England
Lechlade-on-Thames 12935 (Bronze Age) Lechlade-on-Thames, Gloucestershire, England
Melton Quarry 7629 (Bronze Age) Melton Quarry, East Riding of Yorkshire, England
Thornholme 18606 (Bronze Age) Thornholme, East Riding of Yorkshire, England
Cockerham 16403 (Bronze Age) Cockerham, North Yorkshire, England
Rodean Crescent 14553 (Bronze Age) Rodean Crescent, Sussex, England
Scorton Quarry 14096 (Iron Age) Scorton Quarry, North Yorkshire, England
SCOTLAND
Gen Scot 22 (Bronze Age) Longniddry, East Lothian, Scotland
Gen Scot 65 (Bronze Age) Covesea Cave 1, Moray, Scotland
Gen Scot 68 (Bronze Age) Covesea Cave 2, Moray, Scotland
The Viking Age is traditionally marked by the raid on Lindisfarne Monastery in England in 793 CE, the first major recorded Viking attack in Western Europe. The end is placed at 1066 CE, after the Battle of Stamford Bridge, when King Harald Hardrada of Norway was defeated in England just before the Norman Conquest that same year.
Buckquoy 202 - (Viking Age) Buckquoy Birsay, Orkney, Scotland
IRELAND
Rathlin 1 (Early Bronze Age) Glebe, Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland
Rathlin 2 (Early Bronze Age) Glebe, Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland
Inchagreenoge 134 (Bronze Age) Inchagreenoge, Limerick, Ireland
Sliguff 27 (Bronze Age) Sliguff, Carlow, Ireland
Treanmacmurtagh 116 (Bronze Age) Treanmacmurtagh, Sligo, Ireland
Claristown 14 (Late Iron Age) Claristown, Meath, Ireland
HUNGARY
Sárbogárd 143 (Medieval) Sárbogárd-Tringer tanya, Fejér, Hungary
Sárbogárd 144 (Medieval) Sárbogárd-Tringer tanya, Fejér, Hungary
FLANDERS
Sint-Truiden 1743 (High Middle Ages) Groenmarkt-2, Sint-Truiden, Limburg, Belgium (Flanders)
UKRAINE
Yasynuvatka 27983 (Bug–Dniester) Yasynuvatka, Vilnianskyi, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
The Bug–Dniester culture was located between two major rivers. The Southern Bug River (in modern Ukraine) and the Dniester River (which flows through Ukraine and Moldova into the Black Sea).
OTHERS
Tutankhamun - 17,000 BCE Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Denisova 8 134,400 and 103,600 BCE Altai Mountains, Siberia, Russia
Albert Perry - 232,000 BCE Cameroon
Neanderthal Man - 368,000 BCE